Enterprise ERP & Supply Chain Glossary

An internal procurement verification control comparing the Purchase Order (PO), Goods Receipt Note (GRN), and Supplier Commercial Invoice before releasing payment.

The total cost of an item upon arriving at the warehouse, including purchase price, ocean/air freight, customs tariffs, port handling, and transit insurance.

The operational and accounting movement of commercial inventory from one branch or warehouse location to another within the same corporate entity.

A core internal control policy requiring that no single individual has total authority to execute, approve, and record a financial transaction end-to-end.

A unique 64-character alphanumeric hash generated by the Invoice Registration Portal (IRP) under Indian GST e-invoicing regulations.

A specific fenced Free Zone in the UAE recognized by the Federal Tax Authority (FTA) as outside the state for VAT purposes under strict criteria.

An inventory picking methodology where products with the earliest expiration dates are prioritized for dispatch regardless of arrival date.

A digital transport document required by tax and transport authorities (such as India e-Way Bill or Georgia RS Zetnadebi) for moving commercial freight.

An index of all financial accounts in an organization general ledger categorized into Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue, and Expenses.

Realized FX is the actual gain or loss occurring when an invoice is settled at a different exchange rate; unrealized FX is the paper variance on outstanding balances at month-end.